What are Other Names for Human Pheromones?
A rose by any other name smells just as sweet. But names help distinguish effective human pheromone fragrances and products from less effective ones.
Research into human pheromones is relatively new, having existed only since the late 1980s. So the number of pheromones that have been identified is surprisingly few.
Most studies focus on substances that begin with the prefix ‘andro-.’ This is a reference to the fact that pheromones in both men and women come from the male sex hormones, known as androgens. In men, androgens create the typically male sexual characteristics: body hair, deepened voice, and mature genitals. Women also produce androgens, although in much smaller amounts, and they’re responsible for maintaining sexual desire and energy. Women also produce a specific type of vaginal pheromone called a copulin that isn’t derived from androgens, but the general use of the word ‘pheromone’ refers to androgenic compounds.
The apocrine glands naturally secrete androgens. The pheromones that have been studied the most are collectively known as the 16-androstenes or 16-androstene steroids. They include androstadienone and androstadienol. (The equivalent female pheromone to androstadienol is estratetraenol.) These are odorless apocrine secretions. Upon contact with the bacteria on the skin […]

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What Effects do Male Pheromones Have on Women?
You might never guess from all the hype and hoopla about male pheromones that investigating how they affect women’s hormone levels is a very recent research activity. The effect of pheromones on physiology in animals is quite clear, but only since the late 1990s have scientists attempted to prove that these effects occur in humans, too.
The primary design of most research studies trying to pin down the relationship between male pheromones and female physiology focuses on how women respond to male sweat or perspiration. Pheromones are secreted primarily by the apocrine glands in the human armpits (axillae). By acting on the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland in the brain, pheromones increase the secretion of the gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Several studies track a rise in one or both of these hormones after women were exposed to male pheromones. Exposure to male pheromones typically happens through smelling an extract of male sweat or a T-shirt that has become imbued with male sweat after being worn for an extended period.
In women, LH and FSH increase the blood levels of estrogen, progesterone, and androgens. The first two of these are essential […]

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